Who Runs Food Stamps: The Federal Government or the State?

If you are applying for food stamps (officially known as SNAP), you might wonder who is actually in charge of the program.

The answer is that it is a team effort between the federal government and your local state government.
 

The Federal Government Provides the Funding

Technically, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) runs the SNAP program at the national level.

They provide the money that pays for the benefits. This means that when you use your EBT card, the funds are coming from the federal government.
 

Your State Government Manages the Program

Even though the federal government provides the money, your specific state is in charge of the day-to-day operations. Your state or county agency is responsible for:
 

• Processing applications: Deciding who qualifies for the program.
• Customer service: Helping you if you have problems with your account or card.
• Sending out benefits: Making sure your EBT card is loaded with money each month.
• Recertification: Checking in with you periodically to make sure you are still eligible to receive help.
• Setting specific rules: Deciding some of the local rules about what can and cannot be purchased.

 

How the EBT Card Works

When you are approved for SNAP, you receive an EBT (Electronic Benefits Transfer) card. It looks and works just like a debit card.

You can use it at most grocery stores to buy SNAP-eligible food. Every month, the federal government sends the money to your state, and the state loads it onto your card.
 

How to Apply for SNAP

Because states manage the program, the application process changes slightly depending on where you live. Most states allow you to apply online, in person, or over the phone.

When you apply, you will typically need to show proof of the following:
 

• Income: You will need to show how much money you make (usually with paystubs). Different states have different income limits.
• Household Size: This includes everyone you live with and buy/prepare food with. A bigger household usually means more benefits.
• Monthly Expenses: You should have proof of your bills, such as rent or mortgage payments and utilities.
• Immigration Status: You may need to provide documents regarding your citizenship or legal residency status.
• The Interview: After you submit your application, most states will ask you to complete an interview. This is usually done over the phone, though you can ask to do it in person if you prefer.

 

Where to Get Help

If you have questions about your application, lost your EBT card, or need to update your information, you should contact your local benefits office.

While the federal government sets the overall rules, your local office is the one that manages your specific case.

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